Helicobacter pylori infections are considered a risk factor for gastric cancer. In a large population-based cohort study, this relationship should be re-examined. The results appeared in the journal International Journal of Cancer.
About nine in ten of all malignant gastric tumors that are not at the esophagus (cardia) and two out of ten malignancies at the esophagus junction are believed to be due to Helicobacter pylori infection. If the gastric mucosa is permanently colonized by the bacteria, a chronic gastritis may develop in which the gastric glands gradually regress (chronic atrophic gastritis). A role is obviously played by the CagA antigen formed by the bacteria.
The current study involved 9,949 participants who were followed for an average of almost 14 years. There were 30 cases of gastric cancer and 33 cases of esophageal cancer during this period. Researchers investigated how frequently Helicobacter pylori infections occurred and if they were associated with gastric and esophageal cancers.
Thus, infection with Helicobacter pylori was associated with a roughly three-fold increased risk of gastric cancer. If only the tumors that were not in the area of the cardia were considered, the risk was already increased five-fold. When CagA antigen was formed in Helicobacter pylori infection, the risk of non-cardiac gastric cancer was 18-fold higher.
The data collected in the study could be used to potentially initiate early detection screening for the most vulnerable. And the treatment recommendations could also be influenced, the study authors concluded.
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